Background Papers - Corporate Control Mechanisms and Risk

Creditor Interventions and Firm Innovation: Evidence from Debt Covenant Violations
Authors: Yuqi Gu, Pennsylvania State University; Connie Mao, Temple University; Xuan Tian, Indiana University

Organization Capital and Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Kai Li, University of British Columbia; Buhui Qiu, Erasmus University; Rui Shen, Nanyang Technological

The Dark Side of Outside Directors” Do They Quit Ahead of Trouble?
Authors: Rüdiger Fahlenbrach, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and Swiss Finance Institute; Angie Low, Nanyang Technological University; Rene Stulz, Ohio State University

Performance-Vesting Provisions in Executive Compensation
Authors: J. Carr Bettis, Arizona State University; John Bizjak, Texas Christian University; Jeffrey Coles, Arizona State University; Swaminathan Kalpathy, Texas Christian University

Short Selling and Earnings Management: A Controlled Experiment
Authors: Vivian Fang, University of Minnesota; Allen Huang, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Jonathan Karpoff, University of Washington

Soft Shareholder Activism
Authors: Doron Levit, The University of Pennsylvania

Money Left on the Table: An Analysis of Participation in Employee Stock Purchase Plans
Authors: Ilona Babenko, Arizona State University; Rik Sen, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

CEO Job Security and Risk-Taking
Authors: Peter Cziraki, University of Toronto; Moqi Xu, London School of Economics